Python-Django学习笔记11-Django（员工管理系统）
员工管理系统 - 部门管理、用户管理
1. 创建项目
django-admin startproject employeeManage
2. 创建APP
python manage.py startapp app01
2.1 注册APP（settings.py)
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app01.apps.App01Config',
]
3. 设计表结构
关联表（用户表关联部门表）
- ID；数据库范式（理论知识），常见开发都是这样；【节省存储开销】
- 名称；特别大的公司；查询的次数非常多，连表操作比较耗时；【为了加速查找，允许数据冗余】
对部门ID进行约束
- 只能是部门表中已存在的ID
如果部门被删除，关联的用户
- 删除用户 – 级联删除
- 部门ID列置空
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Department(models.Model):
""" 部门表 """
titel = models.CharField(verbose_name="部门名称", max_length=32)
class UserInfo(models.Model):
""" 员工表 """
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
account_salary = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
create_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
# 无约束
# did = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")
# 1. 有约束 [to:与哪张表关联] [to_field：与哪一列进行关联]
# 2. django自动；写的depart；生成数据列 depart_id
# 3. 部门表删除行
# 3.1 用户表级联删除
depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
# 3.2 部门表删除行，用户表绑定数据置空
# depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
# 在Django中做的约束
gender_choices = (
(1, "男"),
(2, "女"),
)
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
4. 在MySQL中生成表
- 工具链接MySQL生成数据库
create database 数据库名称 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
- 修改配置文件连接MySQL
DATABASES = {
"default": {
"ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql", # 数据库类型
"NAME": "djangotest03", # 数据库名称
"USER": "root", # 用户名
"PASSWORD": "root123", # 密码
"HOST": "127.0.0.1", # 主机
"PORT": "3306", # 端口
}
}
- django命令生成数据库表
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
5. 静态文件管理
- 创建静态文件文件夹templates
6.部门管理
体验；Django中提供Form和ModelForm组件（方便）
6.1 部门列表
{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Document</title>
<link
rel="stylesheet"
href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}"
/>
<style>
.navbar {
border-radius: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 导航栏 -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button
type="button"
class="navbar-toggle collapsed"
data-toggle="collapse"
data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"
aria-expanded="false"
>
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">联通用户管理系统</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li><a href="/depart/list/">部门管理</a></li>
<li><a href="#">用户管理</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">登录</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a
href="#"
class="dropdown-toggle"
data-toggle="dropdown"
role="button"
aria-haspopup="true"
aria-expanded="false"
>徐泽林 <span class="caret"></span
></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">个人资料</a></li>
<li><a href="#">通知中心</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">注销</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<!-- 内容区域 -->
<div>
<div class="container">
<div style="margin-bottom: 20px;">
<a href="#" class="btn btn-success">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span>
新建部门
</a>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-list" aria-hidden="true"></span>
部门列表
</div>
<table class="table table-bordered">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>部门名称</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">1</th>
<td>销售部</td>
<td>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs">编辑</a>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs">删除</a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.7.1.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
# path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('depart/list/', views.depart_list),
]
def depart_list(request):
""" 部门列表 """
# 1.去数据库中获取所有的部门信息
# queryset：是一个列表，列表中放的是一个一个的对象；对象中封装了一行数据；
queryset = models.Department.objects.all()
return render(request, 'depart_list.html', {'queryset':queryset})
6.2 添加部门
{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Document</title>
<link
rel="stylesheet"
href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}"
/>
<style>
.navbar {
border-radius: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 导航栏 -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button
type="button"
class="navbar-toggle collapsed"
data-toggle="collapse"
data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"
aria-expanded="false"
>
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">联通用户管理系统</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li><a href="/depart/list/">部门管理</a></li>
<li><a href="#">用户管理</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">登录</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a
href="#"
class="dropdown-toggle"
data-toggle="dropdown"
role="button"
aria-haspopup="true"
aria-expanded="false"
>徐泽林 <span class="caret"></span
></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">个人资料</a></li>
<li><a href="#">通知中心</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">注销</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<div>
<div class="container">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">新建部门</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label>部门名称</label>
<input
type="text"
class="form-control"
placeholder="请输入内容"
name="title"
/>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.7.1.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>
def depart_add(request):
""" 添加部门 """
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request, 'depart_add.html')
# 获取用户通过POST方式提交过来的数据
depart_title = request.POST.get('title')
# 保存到数据库
models.Department.objects.create(title = depart_title)
# 重定向回到部门列表页面
return redirect('/depart/list/')
6.3 删除部门
<tbody>
{% for obj in queryset %}
{{ obj.id }}
{{ obj.title }}
编辑
删除
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
def depart_delete(request):
""" 删除部门"""
# 获取ID
nid = request.GET.get('id')
# 删除
models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
# 跳转回部门列表
return redirect('/depart/list/')
6.4 修改部门
path('depart/<int:nid>/edit/', views.depart_edit),
def depart_edit(request, nid):
""" 修改部门 """
if request.method == 'GET':
# 根据nid获取他的这一行数据
row_object = models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
# print(row_object.id, row_object.title)
return render(request, 'depart_edit.html', {'row_object':row_object})
models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=request.POST.get('title'))
return redirect('/depart/list/')
<div>
<div class="container">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">修改部门</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="form-group">
<label>部门名称</label>
<input
type="text"
class="form-control"
placeholder="请输入内容"
name="title"
value="{{row_object.title}}"
/>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">保 存</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<tbody>
{% for obj in queryset %}
{{ obj.id }}
{{ obj.title }}
编辑
删除
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
7. 模板的继承
- 部门列表
- 添加部门
- 编辑部门
def user_list(request):
""" 用户管理 """
# 获取所有用户信息
queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
# for obj in queryset:
# print(obj.name, obj.password, obj.id, obj.account_salary, obj.create_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'), obj.get_gender_display(), obj.depart.title)
# obj.gender # 1/2
# get_字段名称_display() 男/女
# obj.get_level_display()
# obj.depart_id 获取数据库中存储的那个字段值
# obj.depart.title # 根据ID自动去关联的表中获取那一行数据depart对象
return render(request, 'user_list.html', {'queryset':queryset})
- 原始方法
def user_add(request):
""" 添加用户（原始方式） """
if request.method == "GET":
context = {
'gender_choices': models.UserInfo.gender_choices,
'depart_list': models.Department.objects.all(),
}
return render(request, 'user_add.html', context)
# 获取用户提交的数据
user = request.POST.get('user')
pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
age = request.POST.get('age')
account = request.POST.get('ac')
ctime = request.POST.get('ctime')
gender = request.POST.get('gd')
depart_id = request.POST.get('dp')
# 添加到数据库
models.UserInfo.objects.create(
name=user,
password=pwd,
age=age,
account_salary=account,
create_date=ctime,
gender=gender,
depart_id=depart_id
)
return redirect('/user/list/')
- Form
class MyForm(Django中的Form):
user = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Input)
pwd = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
email = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
account = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
create_time = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
depart = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
gender = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
def user_add(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = MyForm()
return render(request, 'user_add.html', {"form":form})
- modelform
class UserInfo(models.Model):
""" 员工表 """
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
account_salary = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
create_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
gender_choices = (
(1, "男"),
(2, "女"),
)
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
class MyForm(ModelForm):
xx = form.CharField*("...")
class Meta:
model = UserInfo
fields = ["name", "password", "age", "xx"]
def user_add(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = MyForm()
return render(request, 'user_add.html', {"form":form})
8. 添加用户（ModelForm）
# ########################### ModelForm 示例 ###########################
from django import forms
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
name = forms.CharField(min_length=3, label="姓名")
class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo
fields = ["name", "gender", "age", "account_salary", "password", "depart", "create_date"]
# widgets = {
# 'name': forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入内容'}),
# 'password': forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入内容'}),
# }
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
for name,field in self.fields.items():
field.widget.attrs = {'class': 'form-control', 'placeholder': '请输入内容'}
def user_model_form_add(request):
""" 添加用户(ModelForm版本) """
if request.method == "GET":
form = UserModelForm()
return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {'form':form})
# 用户POST提交数据，数据校验
form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
# 如果数据合法，保存到数据库
form.save()
return redirect('/user/list/')
# 校验失败（页面上显示错误信息）
return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {'form':form})
- 剩余内容需见项目DjangoTest02 或 本地文件
